The use of equilibrium formulations in urban modelling is increasingly challenged by models that explicitly address the dynamics of urban change. Equilibrium models assume that urban land use and transport converge to equilibrium between supply and demand and focus on comparative static analysis...

The continuing growth of urban regions coupled with their strong interactions with transportation systems places great emphasis on the coevolution of these systems. In this paper we introduce three developments. First, as a preliminary, the dynamic model of the evolution of retail structure is...