The inequality measure “Quintile Share Ratio” (QSR or sometimes S80/S20) is the primary income inequality measure in the European Union’s set of indicators on social cohesion. An important reason for its adoption as a leading indicator is its simplicity. The Quintile Share Ratio is “The...

This paper presents a new local search approach for solving continuous location problems. The main idea is to exploit the relation between the continuous model and its discrete counterpart. A local search is first conducted in the continuous space until a local optimum is reached. It then...

Consider the need to currently locate p facilities but it is possible that up to q additional facilities will have to be located in the future. There are known probabilities that 0 [less-than-or-equals, slant] r [less-than-or-equals, slant] q facilities will need to be located. The...