Strategic options development and analysis (SODA) has maintained that it expects a links-to-concepts ratio of 1.15-1.20 in cognitive maps. This expectation is investigated from a graph-theoretic perspective in order to highlight two issues that the SODA literature has not mentioned. First, the...

The literature on multimethodology indicates that cognitive mapping is relevant to enriching the preliminary, information-gathering phase of Soft Systems Methodology (SSM), and especially the rich picture. By noting the structural complementarity evidenced between SSM’s transformations and the...