This paper analyzes three major asymmetries in stock markets, namely, asymmetry in return reversals, asymmetry in return persistency and asymmetry in return volatilities. It argues for a case of return persistency as stock returns do not always reverse, in theory and in practice. Patterns in...

We consider a periodic-review inventory system with two suppliers: an unreliable regular supplier that may be disrupted for a random duration, and a reliable backup supplier that can be used during a disruption. The backup supplier charges higher unit purchasing cost and fixed order cost when...