This paper extends the primal decomposition of total factor productivity (TFP) changes to the case of non-neutral production frontiers. Output growth is decomposed into input growth (size effect), changes in technical efficiency, technical change, and the effect of returns to scale. Within the...

This paper develops a framework for analysing the sources of total factor productivity (TFP) changes by explicitly taking into account the damage-control nature of pesticides. In the proposed framework, TFP changes are attributed to the conventional sources of growth (i.e. technical change,...