For utility maximization problems under proportional transaction costs, it hasbeen observed that the original market with transaction costs can sometimes be replacedby a frictionless shadow market that yields the same optimal strategy and utility. However,the question of whether or not this...

In a market with one safe and one risky asset, an investor with a long horizon, constantinvestment opportunities, and constant relative risk aversion trades with small proportionaltransaction costs. We derive explicit formulas for the optimal investment policy, its impliedwelfare, liquidity...