States (NIS), focusing on the new EU member states (NMS) and selected NIS (Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova and Kazakhstan … both NMS and (less so) the NIS towards the West. The recent trade developments on EU?NIS borders indicate a closer trade … EU exports is made up of manufacturing products. By contrast, EU imports from the NMS and NIS display a much more …

EU's 2007 enlargement by Bulgaria and Romania is evaluated by applying a simple macroeconomic integration model able to … Romania spill-over to EU15, including Austria and the 10 new member states of the 2004 EU enlargement. The pattern of the … integration effects is qualitatively similar to those of EU?s 2004 enlargement by 10 new member states. Bulgaria and Romania gain …