computable general equilibrium trade model calibrated with the latest version of the GTAP database to simulate the effect of … doubling non-tariff barriers – both unilateral and reciprocal – between the two blocks on trade and welfare. Imposing trade … to cooperate rather than turning away from each other. By imposing a trade war on Russia, the political West could …

In this paper, we empirically assess how economic sanctions imposed by the UN and the US affect the target states' GDP … growth. Our sample includes 68 countries and covers the period 1976-2012. We find, first, that sanctions imposed by the UN … have a statistically and economically significant influence on economic growth. On average, the imposition of UN sanctions …

paper examines their scope with a focus on contingent protection aka tit-for-tat in trade policy. By highlighting various … average more liberal trade regimes. …

Against the background of a changing landscape of trade and investment governance in the 21st century, characterised by … the proliferation of deep preferential trade agreements (PTAs), this paper econometrically tests the importance of global … value chain trade and regulatory differences in explaining the likelihood of a country pair to include an (enforceable …

We estimate the effects of trade facilitation on export diversification, as measured by two extensive margins: the … inton account when computing the respective margins of trade. We find a positive impact of trade facilitation on the … extensive margins of trade. The results are robust to alternative definitions of extensive margins, different sets of controls …

In the past few decades China has put substantial efforts into liberalising its trade and economy that accelerated … after its accession to the World Trade Organisation (WTO) in December 2001. In this period China has significantly reduced … it the country notifying the second largest number of technical barriers to trade (TBTs) to the WTO after the United …