affects human capital, and infrastructure expenditures that affect productivity. The paper finds that social expenditures lead … alternative scenarios of government expenditure and tax financing. Two expenditure types are considered: social spending that … to higher economic growth depending on the form of financing; young generations benefit most from social spending …

The paper begins with presentation of a methodology for computing rental costs of capital under any tax regime.Tax law … inflation on interest rates and the allocation of real capital. The model allocates a fixed private capital stock among various … classes of nonresidential and residential capital, depending upon the rental costs for the capital components, the price …

Second, even in the absence of fiscal costs, public debt reduces capital accumulation, and may therefore have welfare …-adjusted rate of return to capital. If it is lower than the growth rate, it indicates that the risk-adjusted rate of return to … capital is in fact low. The average risky rate however also plays a role. I show how both the average risky rate and the …

institution’s credit worthiness and the return on its market value, and importantly, on the level and quality of capital … steps taken to increase resilience, notably higher capitalization. Our results suggest increased capital buffers may …

account for the lion's share of capital markets, regional public debt markets remain underdeveloped for a variety of reasons …