This contribution investigates the justifiable spread between labor and capital income tax rates under a dual income tax, based on arguments put forth in Nielsen and Sørensen (1997). An efficient generalized instrumental variables estimator proposed by Hausman and Taylor (1981) is employed in a...

This paper analyzes the influence of capital gains taxation on the decision to realize capital gains and losses when gains are tax-exempt after a certain holding period. Theory predicts that high marginal tax rates incentivize investors to realize taxable losses. In contrast, the propensity to...

Differential taxation implies the existence of different tax rates or tax bases for different types of investments. We analyze the effects of differential taxation on managerial effort and risk taking in a moral-hazard model of the LEN type. The agent selects a portfolio of a high-risk and a...

This paper analyses neutral tax systems under uncertainty and risk neutrality using real option theory. In the case of an option to invest, the investment problem can be formulated before and after taxes, demonstrating the effects of flexibility and irreversibility. A sufficient condition for...

We derive an ex post neutral comprehensive income tax on pension schemes equivalent to a Johansson-Samuelson tax that guarantees nondiscriminatory treatment of lifetime-dependent and other investments. By separately taxing contributions and benefits, our concept does not require any assumptions...