Compactness is an important principle in redistricting process, and there are different measures to quantify this property in electoral zones. However, these measures are unsatisfactory, since they can be unable to favor the design of compact zones in enough complicated problems. In this paper,...

The practice of applying curve fitting techniques to describe data is widespread in many fields: in biology, in medicine, in engineer, in economy, etc. This paper presents a heuristic technique named Particle Swarm Optimization to be used for parameter estimation in regression models. The...