builds on the existing literature on the effect of marriage on women’s employment in MENA. Besides examining how different … in the extent to which self-employment after marriage is available to women to compensate for the reduction in wage … that marriage by the median age reduces the probability of working for women by 47 percent in Jordan, 33 percent in Tunisia …

gaps in employment and earnings. We find that women have notably lower employment rates and earnings than men, even though … the global financial crisis had a less negative impact on women than it had on men. Both unadjusted and unexplained gender … part of the gender earnings gap and mitigate high female propensity to self-employment. Our findings suggest that policies …

Rates of labor force participation in the US in the second half of the nineteenth century among free women were … exceedingly (and implausibly) low, about 11 percent. This is due, in part, to social perceptions of working women, cultural and … an augmented free female labor force participation rate for 1860. It is calculated by identifying free women (age 16 and …

Estimated labor force participation rates among free women in the pre-Civil War period were exceedingly low. This is … due, in part, to cultural or societal expectations of the role of women and the lack of thorough enumeration by Census … takers. This paper develops an augmented labor force participation rate for free women in 1860 and compares it with the …

This paper analyzes the occupational status and distribution of free women in the antebellum United States. It … among women by nativity, urbanization, and region of the country. While foreign-born and illiterate women were more likely … greater the slave-intensity of the county, the less likely were free women to report having an occupation, particularly as …

findings suggest that policies that seek to empower women and promote gender equality might paradoxically increase women … gender roles, and also because it is likely to increase men's likelihood of using domestic violence as an instrument. Our …

We study the association between the ritual of menstrual restrictions and maternal health- care access as well as women …'s subjective well-being. Similar restrictions, also practised around the time of childbirth, are based on the assumption that women … controls as well as assess the sensitivity of our results to alternative estimation methods. We find that women who face any …

employment and earnings of women, there is little evidence focusing on the post-communist region. This paper exploits the latest … probability of female employment relative to women with no small children. In particular, women with two children aged one to six … family and female employment in Mongolia in 2016. We examine the availability of childcare, social norms and attitudes …

and present empirical evidence of heterogeneity in the response to the NPIs with those in the local employment being the …