primary school education from 7 to 8 years. At the same time, the reform did not affect the education system at post …-primary levels, that is the system of secondary and higher education. In result, all education tracks were extended by one year … reform had a negative impact on the hourly earnings of individuals with primary education. …

This paper analyzes the relationship between education and health outcomes using a natural experiment in Turkey. The … substantially increased education in Turkey. Using the number of new middle school class openings per 1000 children as an intensity … attainment to investigate the impact of education on body mass index, obesity, smoking behavior, and self-rated health, as well …

total one never is, if education is available, and the disutility of child labour can be compensated by the expected utility … self-enforcing, or actually counterproductive. If the government wants to re- duce child labour and raise education to the …

peak among those whose education was no longer compulsory. For schoolchildren in that age group, the negative effect of … increased gender inequality in education among children aged 12 to 18. This result suggests that COVID-19 lockdown measures may …

learn remotely are more likely to repeat grades and end their education early, especially where grades repetition is more … common: Spain, Germany, and Italy. Education policies should be designed accordingly. …

In 1999, a reform of education was implemented in Poland, which added one year to the shortest available educational … path, leading to the acquisition of basic vocational education. In the new system, students choosing this path acquire one … more year of general education, which, according to the authors of the reform, should improve the student's position in the …