Human history as well as our present are ripe with violent intergroup conflicts. Despite more than 2,000 years of academic engagement with this phenomenon [1] and (way too) much evidence available for analysis [2], we are still short of encompassing theories of human belligerence. Not least,...

We model student enrollment in markets for higher education where public universities, private non-profit universities, and private for-profit universities compete. Universities differ with respect to their capacity, graduation probability, and profit objective; students differ in ability. The...

The scale of violent intergroup conflict in humans is astonishingly large compared to other mammals [1, 2, 3, 4]. This capacity for war is closely linked to our exceptionally cooperative abilities [5, 6]. The parochial altruism model formally describes how within-group cooperation and...