This paper compares five small area estimators. We use Monte Carlo simulation in the context of both artificial and real populations. In addition to the direct and indirect estimators, we consider the optimal composite estimator with population weights, and two composite estimators with...

Empirical research based on panel data has to pay special attention to measurement errors. Utility maximization often yields nonlinear decision rules in which measurement errors enter in a multiplicative way. The usual strategy to deal with them consists of taking log-linear approximations of...