This paper analyzes the decision to start smoking using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP). Our focus is on the role that parental smoking behavior plays for children's smoking initiation. The data used are a combination of retrospective information on the age individuals started...

German hard coal has been subsidized for almost five decades. Despite the decreasing labour market significance of hard coal production in Germany, the magnitude of subsidies had increased until the middle of the last decade. In 1996, these subsidies peaked at around 6.7 billion Euros. Only...

Knowledge is increasingly becoming the decisive factor in production. Owing to its rapid diffusion, competitive advantages can only be secured by constantly updating and expanding the current stock of knowledge. Due to this reason, current innovation activities and investment in innovation are...

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