We derive optimal payment contracts for physicians when neither physicians' effort to gather information about the patient's health condition (diagnosis effort) nor the actual patient's health condition (physicians' private information) are contractible. In a model where the patient is allowed...

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Using panel data, we estimate the impact of an increasing share of female physicians on the total output of Canadian physicians. A micro-econometric model is developed specifically for the Canadian context and estimated using administrative data on all Canadian physicians paid on a...

In this paper, we study physician specialty decisions using several unique data sets which include information on almost all Canadian physicians who practised in Canada between 1989 and 1998. Unlike previous studies, we use a truly exogenous measure of potential income across general and...