The article "Banning the Purchase of Sex Increases Cases of Rape: Evidence from Sweden" claims that Sweden's 1999 criminalization of buying sex increased rape by 44-62% (Ciacci, 2024). This finding is surprising given the flat time trend in reported rapes around the reform year. We show that...

In his comment on our replication of Ciacci (2024), Ciacci (2025b) again finds large and statistically significant treatment effects on rape from Sweden's ban on sex purchases. These estimates derive from overfitted control functions and incorrect clustering in the regression discontinuity in...