We analyze the relationship between offshoring and the onshore workforce composition in German multinational … enterprises (MNEs), using plant data that allow us to discern tasks, occupations, and workforce skills. Offshoring is associated … not alter the direction of the relationship. We find offshoring to predict between 10 and 15 percent of observed changes …

We analyze the effects of offshoring of intermediate input production on labor demand in Sweden, distinguishing between … offshoring -- in particular to low-income countries -- tends to shift labor demand away from workers with an intermediate level … of education. Offshoring to high-income countries, which is the largest component of overall offshoring, does not have …