Many writers have claimed that R&D has two 'faces'. In addition to the conventional role of stimulating innovation, R … important in this catch up process as well as stimulating innovation directly. Trade, by contrast, plays a more modest role in …

The theoretical effects of labour regulations such as employment protection legislation (EPL) on innovation is … technologically advanced innovation. In this paper we find empirical evidence that both effects are at work - multinational … innovation in countries with low EPL. …

innovation and imitation. We develop a theoretical model showing that skilled labor has a higher growth-enhancing effect closer … to the technological frontier under the reasonable assumption that innovation is a relatively more skillintensive …

This paper investigates the relationship between product market competition (PMC) and innovation. A Schumpeterian …, competition may also reduce innovation incentives for laggards. This model generates four main predictions which we test … empirically. First, the relationship between product market competition (PMC) and innovation is an inverted U-shape: the escape …

, innovation and economic growth. We provide empirical evidence that the reforms carried out under the EU Single Market Programme … with a subsequent increase in innovation intensity and productivity growth for manufacturing sectors. In our analysis we … reforms on average profitability, and the effects of profitability on innovation and productivity growth. – Competition …