India has had long-standing investment ties with various EU countries. Many EU countries are significant investors in India and several EU-based MNCs have business operations in India. Of late, Indian investments in the EU have also gained importance. Leading Indian IT companies have established...

One of the most significant changes in recent years has been an evolution in the role of education in the global arena. As education has increasingly assumed the role of a tradeable service, countries from all parts of the world have become active participants in the ongoing internationalization...

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of health worker availability. Shortage of healthcare workers aggravated by the pandemic resulted in policies to attract and retain foreign health workers in several receiving countries. On the other hand, countries such as India, the largest...

The reorganization of the production process in the past two to three decades has led to the emergence of Global Value Chains (GVCs) where the production chain is spread across different geographies. This has in turn led to increased foreign value-added content in each country’s exports as...

The recognition of diaspora contributions towards their home country through remittances, investments and networks has facilitated a shift in attitude and thinking regarding migration, from brain drain to “brain bank”, “brain gain”, “brain trust” and “brain circulation”. This...

This paper examines the effect of trade liberalization on foreign direct investment (FDI) in nontradable, producer services which play a supporting role in the production, trade, and distribution of final tradables goods.. It shows both theoretically and empirically that trade liberalization can...

The development of European policies on higher education in the last two decades has facilitated and encouraged (inward) non-European student mobility. This paper examines the issue of student mobility between two European host countries, namely Germany and France and a leading source country,...

Cross-border production sharing has intensified in recent decades, leading to the formation and spread of global value chains (GVC). Using a dataset containing more than 150 countries over 1990-2018, our paper tries to identify what drives backward GVC participation and forward GVC participation...

This paper examines the effects of tariff and non-tariff reductions on firm-level productivity and markups of large as well as Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in India's manufacturing sector for the 1999-2009 period. We calculate input and final goods tariffs, effective rates of...