The underutilization of existing capital stock is a disturbing phenomenon in developing countries. Faced with this situation, Pakistan introduced a new tax in 1966 that was called a capacity tax. By taxing capacity output instead of actual production, the Government believed that the resulting...

In the course of introducing a market-oriented tax system, most Central and Eastern European countries are actively considering the merits of a value-added tax. Social, economic, and technical issues pertinent to the introduction and operation of the VAT are examined, including the burden...