income inequality and poverty, except financial liberalization, which tends to exacerbate them. Also, banking sector … fully support the reduction of poverty and income equality …

, inequality, and government spending on poverty reduction. A new panel dataset has been assembled on inequality and poverty that … reduces measurement error and ensures comparability across countries and over time. The empirical results in this paper …

financial inclusion under certain conditions. This paper examines the effect of microfinance-loan interest rate caps on … financial inclusion in Cambodia. Based on a difference-in-difference analysis on bank and microfinance supervisory data, results … new loans following the introduction of an annual cap. Microfinance borrowers declined immediately, amid an increase in …

synergies across the layers of the Stack. Until recently, a large share of India’s population lacked access to formal banking …We examine how the development of the digital infrastructure known as the “India Stack”—including an interoperable … of financial services. While each individual component of the India Stack is important, we argue that its key overarching …