Cash use in most countries is falling slowly. On the margin, younger adults favor cash substitutes over cash. For older … the demand for cash and why it is falling. Cash use may continue to fall, and card use (the main cash substitute) may fall …

, reduce payment risk, and have significantly replaced the use of cash, cards, or check and direct debit payments. We note the …

lines and offshore clearing banks. Both policy measures helped to address offshore RMB liquidity shortages given China …’s overall capital account restrictions, with the offshore clearing banks having a quantitatively larger impact. Our analysis …

The level and trend in cash use in a country will influence the demand for central bank digital currency (CBDC). While …-not better. Demand for digital currency will thus be weak in countries where cash use is already very low, due to a preference … for cash substitutes (cards, electronic money, mobile phone payments). Where cash use is very high, demand should be …

handling potentially contaminated cash. This paper is the first empirical attempt in the literature to investigate whether the … risk of infectious diseases affects demand for physical cash. Since the intensity of cash use may influence the spread of … lowers demand for physical cash, after controlling for macroeconomic, financial, and technological factors. While the …

. In this paper, we considerthe practical feasibility of recent proposals for decoupling cash from electronic money … toachieve a negative yield on cash which would remove the lower bound constraint onmonetary policy. We discuss how central banks …