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The Covid-19 pandemic has disrupted global supply chains, leading to shipment delays and soaring shipping costs. We … study the impact of shocks to global shipping costs—measured by the Baltic Dry Index (BDI)—on domestic prices for a large … which we instrument changes in shipping costs with an indicator of closures of the Suez Canal …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013293931
unique data set on maritime transport. Two main features emerge. First, at the world level, we find that shipping times … that normally operate smoothly in the background. Among the issues, the long delays that port congestion may have caused in … period from 2003 to 2017. Second, not all congestion appears related to increased demand. Many ports, especially since mid …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013293933
The International Maritime Organization (IMO) announced in April 2018 a target of cutting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the sector by 50 percent below 2008 levels by 2050 and subsequent meetings of the IMO will develop a strategy for making headway on this commitment. This paper seeks to...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012909416
World trade contracted dramatically during the global economic crisis induced by the COVID-19 pandemic. Disruptions in …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013250078
To examine the drivers of innovation, this paper studies the global R&D effort to fight the deadliest diseases and presents four results. We find: (1) global pharmaceutical R&D activity—measured by clinical trials—typically follows the ‘law of diminishing effort’: i.e. the elasticity of...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013226446
This paper extends the Schumpeterian model of creative destruction by allowing followers' cost of innovation to increase in their technological distance from the leader. This assumption is motivated by the observation the more technologically advanced the leader is, the harder it is for a...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012843497
Tourism was one of the fastest-growing sectors before the COVID-19 pandemic, accounting for about 10 percent of global GDP. But it has also created a number of challenges including environmental degradation, especially in small island countries where the carbon footprint of tourism constitute...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014076818
in the law over the last five decades, the legal environment across the world is still far from providing a level playing …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014079014
In this paper, we present empirical evidence that higher income inequality is associated with a greater equity share in countries' external liabilities, and we develop a theoretical model that can explain this observation: In a small open economy with traded and nontraded goods, entry barriers...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014079898
What policy space does a country have for a short-term response to a catastrophic event? To quantify this space, the paper proposes a policy space index. The index combines a quantitative, albeit relatively limited and narrow, fiscal space concept with the indicators of nominal monetary space...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014081237