We use data on the sources of debt finance of U.S. majority-owned foreign affiliates in 53 countries over the period …

''s theoretically anomalous findings that developing country firms make considerably more use of external finance and new equity issues … than developed country firms to finance asset growth hold in the case of Ghana. Replicating Singh''s methodology, our … total assets mainly from short-term debt. The stock market, however, is the most important source of long-term finance for …

corporate access to external finance (loans and bond issuance). We conclude that coercive government actions towards external …

The monetary transmission mechanism in the euro area has been adversely affected by the recent crises. Using survey … data on thousands of euro area firms, we study factors that affect the access to finance of SMEs. We find that changes in … bank funding costs and borrower leverage matter for firms’ access to finance. Increases in bank funding costs and borrowers …