IFC as the debt bias would shrink. However, when other considerations eclipse competence and give the incumbent a strong … electoral advantage or disadvantage, setting up an IFC may be counterproductive as the debt bias would increase. If the … bias if voters care sufficiently about policymakers' competence; (ii) not all political environments are conducive to the …

show that optimism bias is greater the longer the forecast horizon …

-level records covering the whole universe of French firms. The quasi-random assignment of judges to cases reveals that judge bias … find that the uncertainty associated with the actual dispersion of judge bias is small and has a non-significant impact on …

growth forecasts over that period exhibit little bias, and their accuracy is broadly similar to those of Consensus Economics …

We define the plutocratic bias as the difference between inflation measured according to the current official CPI and a … democratic index in which all households receive the same weight. We estimate that during the 1990s the plutocratic bias in Spain … mean absolute bias is significantly larger, 0.090. We can explain most of the oscillations experimented by the plutocratic …

The recent Boskin Commission Report (1996) underscores a significant upward bias in CPI measurement in the United …