Macroeconomic costs of conflict are generally very large, with GDP per capita about 28 percent lower ten years after … conflict onset. This is overwhelmingly driven by private consumption, which falls by 25 percent ten years after conflict onset …. Conflict is also associated with dramatic declines in official trade, with exports (imports) estimated to be 58 (34) percent …

I use a monthly panel of provincially-collected central government revenues and conflict fatalities to estimate … government revenues lost due to conflict in Afghanistan since 2005. I identify causal effects by instrumenting for conflict using … measurement error in equal share. The findings underscore the considerable economic loss due to conflict, and the importance of …

specially modified version of the MULTIMOD world economic model. Simulation results indicate that in developing countries the … economic externality due to enhanced trade and lower world interest rates. Accordingly, the net debtor developing country gains …

This paper analyzes trends in world military expenditure by examining the shares of different country groups and the …

World military expenditures have fallen by over 20 percent in proportion to GDP from 1985 to 1990. This study examines … support for the military. A third factor is the improved world security situation and the concomitant decrease in military aid …