constructed measures of entry regulations and M and As. We conclude that entry costs have risen in the U.S. over the past 20 years …

: (1) distribution expenses are large - they amount to over half of labor costs; (2) plants in the largest decile …, distribution costs as a share of sales declined by one third. We develop a model of heterogeneous manufacturing firms that rely on … share. In combination with the model, these trends suggest largescale decreases in both variable and fixed costs of …

This paper reviews how recent studies of banking crises differ with regard to the dating, length, and costs of the … crisis costs. Cross-sectional evidence does not show that the length of a crisis is a significant contributor to its …

for higher quality goods. We test the proposed theory using a highly disaggregated Argentinean firm-level wine export …