Traditionally, economic growth and business cycles have been treated independently. However, the dependence of GDP … levels on its history of shocks, what economists refer to as 'hysteresis,' argues for unifying the analysis of growth and …

economies albeit using diverse strategies. This paper introduces a novel daily database of sectoral reopening measures in Europe …

We use high-frequency indicators to analyze the economic impact of COVID-19 in Europe and the United States during the …

, countries across Europe are differently equipped to respond to the shock due to differences in economic conditions and fiscal …

growth could be lower for longer, with a setback to development. Post-pandemic reforms thus become even more important …, especially with constrained scope for fiscal and monetary stimuli. Reforms could boost per capita growth by an additional 0 ….3-1.3 percentage points, relative to the 1.9 percent average since 2010. Such growth would reduce per capita income doubling time from …

finds that introducing LMRs and PMRs simultaneously would add about 2.5 percentage points (pp) of GDP growth and reduce …

adverse growth trajectories prior to unrest events or by fiscal consolidations, and are robust to instrumenting via regional …