, or correctly defined, shadow prices. We show how shadow prices may be integrated into an analysis of tax and price reform …

significant changes in relative prices. Second, as wage and price indexation takes root, the inflationary effect of shocks to …

international prices. Governments in most developing and transition countries engage in petroleum price smoothing, as the survey of … country practice carried out for this paper shows. This paper reviews the potential welfare implications of petroleum price … volatility, and assesses different price smoothing rules on the basis of historical oil prices. These simulations reveal the …

private firms, the traditional channels (interest rate, bank lending, and asset price) are impaired in LICs. The exchange rate …

This paper investigates the impact of domestic fuel price increases on export growth in a sample of 77 developing … in domestic gasoline or diesel price adversely affects real non-fuel export growth, but only in the short run as the … impact phases out within two years after the shock. The results also suggest that the negative effect of fuel price increase …

While many developing countries limit the international fuel price pass through to domestic fuel prices, others do not …. Against this backdrop, we examine the factors that determine whether governments allow international fuel price changes to be … evidence is found that political variables or environmental policies matter with regard to fuel price dynamics in the short …

, and undermines incentives for domestic production. However, gas price hikes have been deferred to the medium-term as they …