The theory of technological evolution and organizational lock-in are based on an empirical foundation where technology is manifested in a tangible product. However, in industries producing chemicals, services, art, health care, or complex product systems, the technological design of the product...

From resilience perspective, it is important for supply chains to have multiple suppliers in order to maintain a high level of operational performance. On the contrary, keeping multiple suppliers are expensive from purchasing perspective, because, large amount of internal resources are required...