This paper documents the relationship between firm survival and three types of international trade activities - exports …, imports and two-way trade. It uses unique new representative data for manufacturing enterprises from Germany, one of the … imports and two-way trading for firm survival in a highly developed country. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis …

-regional variation in initial industry structures and use trade flows of other high-income countries as instruments for regional import …We analyze the effects of the unprecedented rise in trade between Germany and "the East" – China and Eastern Europe … trade integration has caused some 493,000 additional jobs in the economy and contributed to retaining the manufacturing …

document the first empirical results on the relationship between imports and productivity for Germany, a leading actor on the … imports ('learning-by-importing'). We find a positive link between importing and productivity. From an empirical model with … for trading internationally are about the same in West and East Germany. Compared to firms that do not trade at all two …