that the cost per job created by permanent hiring credits, either countercyclical or time-invariant, in an environment with …

This paper shows that the reforms which expanded short-time work in France after the great 2008-2009 recession were …

minimum wage in firms with less than 10 employees in France from December 2008 to December 2009. Using rich administrative …

school by sending fictitious résumés to real job postings in France. Compared to those who have stayed unemployed since …

France and Germany are two polar cases in the European debate about rising youth unemployment. Similar to what can be … observed in Southern European countries, a "lost generation" may arise in France. In stark contrast, youth unemployment has … short-term oriented policies can only have temporary effects. Ultimately, the youth unemployment disease in France and in …

In October 2007 France introduced an exemption on the income tax and social security contributions that applied to …

This paper analyzes the strikingly different response of unemployment to the Great Recession in France and Spain. Their … France, unemployment rate has increased by 2 percentage points, whereas in Spain it has shot up to 19% by the end of 2009. We …