Unbundling of vertically integrated utilities has become an integral element in the regulation of network industries … able to identify heterogeneous effects of legal unbundling for different types of price regulation, because we observe a … empirical evidence that unbundling eliminates economies of vertical integration while empirical evidence on price reducing …

subject to a lower-powered regulation mechanism. The difference is particularly significant (about 7%) for firms in the upper …

used to determine future prices when subject to a lower-powered regulation mechanism. The difference is particularly …

In the context of yardstick regulation with long-lived assets, the influence of heterogeneous investment cycles on the …

most relevant regulatory measures – that is, co-investment models as well as different types of access regulation - we …

regulation and recently imposed fiber access regulations. Our main finding is that more stringent access regulations for both the …

We analyze the treatment and impact of idiosyncratic or firm-specific risk in regulation. Regulatory authorities … regulation. In contrast, it is common to apply only a single benchmark, the weighted average cost of capital (WACC), uniformly to ….0 percentage points depending on the size of the firm (in the range of 3% to 40% of total cost of capital). Regulation of …