crowding out. Our findings suggest that rewards can improve innovation and creativity, and that there may be a tradeoff between …

ties) than in sparsely populated areas. We also demonstrate that, for a low urbanization level, there is a unique steady …-state equilibrium where workers do not interact with weak ties, while, for a high level of urbanization, there is a unique steady … when social interactions are optimal, we show that there is over-urbanization in equilibrium …

production, or urbanization economies in consumption. On their own, none of these urban scale effects generate the observed …

urban wage-efficiency theory. Furthermore, we use Geographical Information System models to show that there is no common …