and spanning 22 years, first, to test hypothesis that there is within-country income convergence. Second, through a … decomposition of the poverty convergence elasticity, the analysis investigates whether this convergence, if it exists, has … translated into poverty convergence. In a context of overall stagnant economic growth and poverty reduction since 1990, the …

long-run real income convergence and derive 67 comparable effect sizes. The precision-weighted estimate of beta convergence … is more consistent with endogenous self-reinforcing growth than with neoclassical convergence. Introducing a net … migration variable in a growth regression increases the estimate of beta convergence slightly. Studies that use panel models or …

Brazil was characterised by a marked process of trade liberalisation in the 1990s, resulting in a dramatic increase in …