Liability Monitor over 1990 to 2017. A number of core findings are not easily explained by standard economic theory. First, we … estimate long run elasticities of premia to insurers' direct cost (payouts plus defense costs), allowing for lags of up to four … a roughly 50% higher ratio of premia to direct costs even though, in competitive markets, a damages cap should affect …

A fat and a healthy good provide immediate gratification, and cause health costs or benefits in the long run, which are … misperceived. Additionally, the fat good (healthy good) increases (decreases) health care costs by increasing (decreasing) the …

increase in migration costs for undocumented immigrants. More stringent border enforcement either deters potential illegal … likely to be kidnapped, smuggled, or raped when crossing illegally. If migration costs are not the same for all migrants …, higher migrating costs may result in a change in the number and in the composition of immigrants to the United States. In the …

to illegal moving costs proxied by distance.We build a novel dataset of geolocalized time-varying migration routes …