for girls' safety associated with traveling long distances to attend secondary schools …

and reunification, I compare child penalties of East Germans who were socialised in a more gender egalitarian culture to … West Germans socialised in a gender-traditional culture. Using a household panel, I show that the long-run child penalty on … arrival of children also leads to a greater increase in the female share of housework and child care for West Germans. I add …

. Over the long run, reductions in child mortality rates are associated with lower demand for children and fertility rates … (known as “demographic transition”). Vaccines can potentially aid demographic transition by lowering child mortality and … district fixed effects, treatment group women are 2% less likely to have at least one child and want 2% fewer children in their …

performance of proxy measures is poor. Parents' expected lifetime resources are stronger predictors of many important child …

by school entry. We focus on the type of non-parental childcare used by mothers who are working when their child is nine …