Conventional wisdom depicts corruption as a tax on incumbent firms. This paper challenges this view in two ways. First …, by arguing that corruption matters not so much because of the value of the bribe ("tax"), but because of another less … studied feature of corruption, namely bribe unavoidability. Second, we argue that the social costs of corruption arise not …

A number of recent studies for Latin America show that as the size of the informal economy grows, corruption is less … corruption, inequality and shadow economies are considerably large. We use Panel Least Square and Fixed Effects Models for Asia … to find that both 'Corruption Perception Index' and 'ICRG' index are sensitive to a number of important macroeconomic …

Previous empirical work on corruption has generally been cross-country in nature and focused on utilizing country …-level corruption ratings. By using micro-level data for over 20 European countries that directly measure individual characteristics …, corruption experiences, gender roles, trust and values to examine the determinants of corruption, this paper goes beyond the …

The present paper argues that the effect of corruption on foreign ownership is not necessarily linear and depends on … the level of host corruption. So long as the expected returns from foreign investments exceed its expected costs, higher … host corruption will be associated with higher foreign ownership. However, costs may exceed or exactly compensate the …

This paper empirically investigates the relationship between corruption and the emigration of those with high, medium … and low levels of educational attainment. The empirical results indicate that as corruption increases the emigration rate … levels of educational attainment, however, increases at initial levels of corruption and then decreases beyond a certain …

Although the theoretical literature often uses lobbying and corruption synonymously, the empirical literature … associates lobbying with the preferred mean for exerting influence in developed countries and corruption with the preferred one … suggest that (a) lobbying and corruption are fundamentally different, (b) political institutions play a major role in …

The relationship between corruption and the shadow economy is not clear. Theoretically, they either substitute or … with two latent variables - extracts information on various dimensions of corruption and the shadow economy to contribute … and corruption. The results show that the shadow economy influences corruption more than corruption influences the shadow …

Political corruption is a concern of many modern democracies. It weakens democratic institutions, restricts public … determines corruption is limited. This paper uses a novel dataset of political corruption in local governments, constructed from … reports of an anti-corruption program in Brazil, to test whether the possibility of re-election affects the level of rents …