governments establish the optimal city size when production processes involve environmental pollution. Our analysis delivers two … key insights. First, if an optimal scheme to regulate environmental pollution is implemented, cities chosen by local … governments are never too large. They are too small if pollution is purely global, but at the optimal size, if pollution is purely …

how fuel price changes affect cost-minimizing choices by airlines that have implications for the extent of this …

% increase in the price of energy. This finding holds in multiple contexts and across various robustness checks. Supplementary … survey evidence suggests that people believe the energy price increases are temporary, not permanent …

We study the impact of short-term exposure to ambient air pollution on the spread and severity of COVID-19 in Germany … patients (80+ years): higher levels of air pollution by one standard deviation 3 to 12 days after developing symptoms increase … deaths by 30 percent (males) and 35 percent (females) of the mean. In addition, air pollution raises the number of confirmed …

This paper examines how the price of home heating affects mortality in the US. Exposure to cold is one reason that … mortality peaks in winter, and a higher heating price increases exposure to cold by reducing heating use. It also raises energy … electricity. We find that a lower heating price reduces winter mortality, driven mostly by cardiovascular and respiratory causes …

Car exhaust is a major source of air pollution, but little is known about its impacts on population health. We exploit … - across the United States from 2008-2015 as a natural experiment to measure the health impact of car pollution. Using the … at all pollution levels and across the entire socioeconomic spectrum …

literature. Here we study Europe's most aggressive recent air pollution regulation: Low Emission Zones are areas in which … Germany, we assess the distribution of air pollution and the spatial substitution effects in green versus dirty vehicles ….We find that LEZs decrease air pollution by around nine percent in urban traffic centers while pollution is unchanged in non …

Atmospheric pollution was an important side effect of coal-fired industrialisation in the nineteenth century. In … examine the effects of these emissions on child development by analysing the heights on enlistment during the First World War …