how it they are influenced by a country's "innovation system". Substitution depends on demand and production elasticities …, and other factors influenced by the innovation system. Making use of World Economic Forum data we estimate the … relationship for thirteen countries and find that countries with poor innovation capabilities substitute robots for workers much …

Federal research funding to universities is often based on a desire to stimulate innovation – so that they spend … innovation and productivity growth. In this paper we use new data to examine how the main organizational structure used to train …

two (input and output) dimensions of innovation into a unique efficiency perspective. To this aim, the impact of public … sample of firm-level data drawn from the third Italian Community Innovation Survey (CIS). A bivariate endogenous switching … the innovation subsidy; far from 'doing better' as a result of government intervention, supported firms appear to exhaust …

1999-2004 and measure innovation performance by the (value-adjusted) number of patent applications at the European Patent … firms as well as immobile workers on the innovation performance of their employer. Our main result is that mobile university … scientists contribute substantially more to innovation than R&D workers hired from other firms who, in turn, contribute slightly …

Current literature on the impact assessment of government innovation subsidies is mainly empirical driven and lacks an … improve the effectiveness of government support for innovation …

To examine the drivers of innovation, this paper studies the global R&D effort to fight the deadliest diseases and … innovation can be very large, as demonstrated by aggregate flow of clinical trials increasing by 38% in 2020, with limited … economists are naturally in favor of market size as a driving force for innovation (i.e."if the market size is sufficiently large …

which governments shape innovation, and dwarf all other public subsidies for innovation. We examine the impact of government …

Pressure on public finances has increased scrutiny of public support for innovation. We examine two particular issues … or defence R&D. Our findings tentatively suggest that for maximum market sector productivity impact government innovation …

, particularly of university scientists, is positively related to innovation; (vi) there are many university spin-offs but these are …