into account firm heterogeneity. We find support for the prediction that competition has a negative effect on innovation … are important channels for domestic firm innovation. We do not find support for the inverted U effect of competition on … and are more likely to display the inverted U relationship between competition and innovation. …

trade have strong positive spillover effects on product and technology innovation by domestic firms in emerging markets. The …

's innovation and export activities, using unique firm survey data which provides direct measures for innovations and firm … export and innovation activities to become substitutes although they are generally natural complements. …

-collectivism. The model predicts that more individualism leads to more innovation because of the social rewards associated with … innovation in an individualist culture. This cultural effect may offset the negative effects of bad institutions on growth … individualism on growth through innovation. Using genetic data as instruments for culture we provide strong evidence of a causal …