, and across time, how individuals, households and communities are affected by violent conflict. The report provides an … data-bases used to operationalize the variables of interest and discuss the channels linking violent conflict to individual … variables that allow researchers to analyze the welfare effects of violent conflict across countries and across time. We develop …

fragmentation and conflict on international trafficking through internal and international displacements. …

variables. This study draws on conflict variables from the Correlates of War (COW) project to ask a critical question: How do … different types of conflict affect country growth rates? It finds that wars slow the economy. Estimates indicate that civil war … reduces annual growth by .01 to .13 percentage points, and high-intensity interstate conflict reduces annual growth by .18 to …

better the social tension and conflict that underlie some of the pathways linking income disparities and individual health …This paper examines the effect of income polarisation on individual health. We argue that polarisation captures much … polarisation has a detrimental effect on health. We also find that the way the relevant population subgroups are defined is …

ultimate determinants of conflict. However, fractionalization in all its demographic forms is endogenous in the long run. In … the relationship between fractionalization and the propensity of internal conflict statistically insignificant. Finally …

. Specialization based on comparative advantage leads to gains from trade. If political conflict leads to a diminution of trade, then … at least a portion of the costs of conflict can be measured by a nation's lost gains from trade. The greater two nations …' gain from trade the more costly is bilateral (dyadic) conflict. This notion forms the basis of Baron de Montesquieu …

inverse trade-conflict relationship, but is the opposite of the conclusion reached by Gartzke et al. (2001), who reject the … opportunity costs as the basis for the inverse trade-conflict relationship, thus implying that one need not rely on signaling. …

linkages between conflict, food insecurity, and food price shocks in Afghanistan. Spatial mappings of the raw data reveal large … variations in levels of food insecurity and conflict across the country; surprisingly, food insecurity is not higher in conflict … conflict in the province where the household is located. We find robust evidence that households in provinces with higher …

unleashing technological change and through rituals, legal institutions, political economy, and conflict. Synthesizing a disjoint …, societal norms, and institutions. Religion affects physical capital accumulation by influencing thrift and financial …

This paper emphasizes that the evolution of religious institutions in Europe was influenced by the expansionary threat … rivals of a different affiliation. The overall patterns of conflict in continental Europe as well as those between the …