A real effort experiment is investigated in which supervisors have to rate the performance of individual workers who in …

This paper exploits dictated delays in local police hiring by a centralized national authority to break the … simultaneity between police and crime. In Italy police officers can only be hired through lengthy national public contests which … requested police officers are recruited and become operational. We show that this endogeneity vanishes once, controlling for …

realtask laboratory experiment, our results show that principals are not trustful enough to refrain from monitoring the agents … motivation is crowded out when monitoring is above a certain threshold. We identify that both interpersonal principal/agent links …

Goals are an important source of motivation. But little is known about why and how people set them. We address these …

Do employees work harder if their job has the right mission? In a laboratory labor market experiment, we test whether … effort than in a control treatment. Surprised by this finding, we run a second experiment in which subjects can choose … mission-oriented organizations is important to explain empirical findings of lower wages and high motivation in the latter. …

changes. We tested this prediction by conducting a randomized field experiment with bicycle messengers. In contrast to … preferences, since the wage in our experiment directly rewarded effort. We show that a simple model of loss averse, reference …