initial racial gap in education and that slavery affects growth indirectly through this channel. …We study the evolution of racial educational inequality across US states from 1940 to 2000. We show that throughout … determined by the initial gap. We obtain these results with 2SLS estimates where slavery is used as an instrument for the initial …

initial racial gap in education and that slavery affects growth indirectly through this channel. …We study the evolution of racial educational inequality across US states from 1940 to 2000. We show that throughout … determined by the initial gap. We obtain these results with 2SLS estimates where slavery is used as an instrument for the initial …

-2000 period. Our main conclusion is that race, rather than political institutions and education policies, is the main force …-9), as well as the impact of voting registration on education outcomes at different points in time, namely in 1917 and in the … 1950s. Finally, we turn to the determinants of a broad array of development indicators for the year 1960 and for the 1960 …

-2000 period. Our main conclusion is that race, rather than political institutions and education policies, is the main force …-9), as well as the impact of voting registration on education outcomes at different points in time, namely in 1917 and in the … 1950s. Finally, we turn to the determinants of a broad array of development indicators for the year 1960 and for the 1960 …

, we find that the legacy of slavery does not affect current income per capita, but does affect current income inequality …. Moreover, we find that the impact of slavery on current income inequality is determined by racial inequality. We test three … alternative channels of transmission between slavery and inequality: a land inequality theory, a racial discrimination theory and …

, we find that the legacy of slavery does not affect current income per capita, but does affect current income inequality …. Moreover, we find that the impact of slavery on current income inequality is determined by racial inequality. We test three … alternative channels of transmission between slavery and inequality: a land inequality theory, a racial discrimination theory and …

previously unexploited dataset on voter registration by race covering the counties of Mississippi in 1896, shortly after the … majority represents a threat to the de facto power of white elites. Moreover, the effect of race becomes stronger after 1890 …

previously unexploited dataset on voter registration by race covering the counties of Mississippi in 1896, shortly after the … majority represents a threat to the de facto power of white elites. Moreover, the effect of race becomes stronger after 1890 …

analysis methods, to measure the representation of skin color, race, gender, and age in award-winning children's books widely … books, even after conditioning on race; we also find that children are depicted with lighter skin than adults on average …

document that adolescent exposure to TRAP laws has downstream impacts on education. We find that Black women first exposed to … inequality. …