's position is to encourage fertility behavior and discourage birth control practices among women at prime childbearing ages. …This paper examines the effect of a nationwide healthcare reform implemented in Turkey on women's fertility decisions … clinics, called Family Health Centers, on a walk-in basis. Although reducing fertility was not specified among the goals of …

Using Austrian and Danish administrative data, we examine the impacts of parenthood on mental health. Parenthood … prescriptions of about 93.2% (Austria) and 64.8% (Denmark). These parenthood penalties in mental health are unlikely to reflect …

studies, our review encompasses not only motherhood but also fatherhood and the stages preceding parenthood, namely fertility … assessing the effects of fertility, (ii) more effectively manipulating parenthood in experiments, (iii) more frequently … employer discrimination based on various manifestations of parenthood in multiple labour market outcomes. Unlike previous …

fertility has widened in Spain. The paper uses the 1985 and 1999 Spanish Fertility Surveys to study whether the tightening of … this change. I find that women facing high unemployment rates in their mid-twenties tend to restrict their fertility below … family and of achieving preferred fertility. Temporary contracts work in the opposite direction. Findings are robust to the …

Study, we identify adults of childbearing age whose fertility was reduced. We find LLF exposure increases the likelihood of …

We analyse various pathways through which access to electricity affects fertility, using a pseudo-panel of Indonesian … results suggest that the subsequent effects on fertility account for about 18 to 24 percent of the overall decline in the … fertility rate, depending on the specification. A key channel through which electrification affects fertility is increased …

declines in fertility of about 17%. Household data from 1996 confirm that this decline in surviving fertility persisted for … Bangladesh have many dimensions extending well beyond fertility reduction, which do not appear to dissipate after two decades. …

Family planning is a critical issue in countries, particularly those in sub-Saharan Africa, where high fertility rates …