simultaneity between police and crime. In Italy police officers can only be hired through lengthy national public contests which … requested police officers are recruited and become operational. We show that this endogeneity vanishes once, controlling for …This paper exploits dictated delays in local police hiring by a centralized national authority to break the …

properly address the problems of endogeneity, proxy validity, or heterogeneity in criminality. We demonstrate that the time …

This paper argues that terrorism, beyond its immediate impact on innocent victims, also raises the costs of crime, and … therefore, imposes a negative externality on potential criminals. Terrorism raises the costs of crime through two channels: (i …) by increasing the presence and activity of the police force, and (ii) causing more people to stay at home rather than …

This paper develops a model of crime analyzing how such behavior is associated with individual and neighborhood poverty … across crime types. A key implication is that greater economic segregation in a city should have no effect or a negative … effect on property crime, but a positive effect on violent crime. Using IV methods, I show this implication to be consistent …

In this paper we study the causal impact of police on crime by looking at what happened to crime before and after the … identifies a causal impact of police on crime. Implementing an instrumental variable approach shows an elasticity of crime with … respect to police of approximately -0.3, so that a 10 percent increase in police activity reduces crime by around 3 percent. …