The ratio bias - according to which individuals prefer to bet on probabilities expressed as a ratio of large numbers to … researchers especially in health economics emphasizing the policy importance of the phenomenon. Although the bias has been … replicated several times, some doubts remain about its economic significance. Our two experiments show that the bias disappears …

We characterize the bias of propensity score based estimators of common average treatment effect parameters in the case …

average union premium of roughly 15 percent is called into question. Two forms of measurement error create a downward bias in … standard wage gap estimates. Match bias results from Census earnings imputation procedures that do not include union status as … a match criterion. Downward bias is roughly equal to the proportion of workers with imputed earnings, currently about 30 …

processes found in most social-science data, such procedures can induce or exacerbate bias, and even inflate the variance … estimates. We term this source of bias ?Iatrogenic? (or econometrician induced) error. Monte Carlo simulations and empirical …