of labor market institutions and government intervention. In particular, technology change is induced by rigid wage …

compared with the western region. Foreign direct investment (FDI) and information and communication technology (ICT) investment …

trend (purely external non-economic) as well as other exogenous (external economic) factors (technology shifters). We define … technology index based on the external economic factors which are indicators of 'technology'. Thus our definition of production … function is amended to accommodate several technology shifters which are not separable from the traditional inputs. That is …

call technology shifters (economic factors). We use several composite technology indices based on appropriate combinations … of the external economic factors which are indicators of different aspects of technology. These technology indices are … specific external economic factors. Furthermore, the technology shifters allow for non-neutral and biased shifts in TC. We also …

China, market size and urbanization; and technological factors such as digital technology adoption. An inverse U …

where it does not properly measure technology) and makes it possible to calculate the contributions of disaggregated units …-level (EU-KLEMS) and firm-level (Amadeus) data. After adding further assumptions about technology and market structure (firms …

asymmetries in the convergence process of the RULCs and its components - real wages, capital intensity, and technology - are … achieving real convergence and, by extension, nominal convergence. We conclude by outlining technology as the key convergence …